OCT 20 2024

Why Osteoporosis is More Common in Women: Causes and Treatment by Dr. Narendra Vaidya

Osteoporosis is a condition that causes bones to become weak and fragile, making them more prone to fractures. It affects both men and women, but women are more susceptible, particularly as they age. The risk increases significantly after menopause due to changes in hormone levels that affect bone density.

What Causes Osteoporosis?

Bones reach their peak strength and density in the late 20s, but after the age of 35, everyone starts losing bone mass. However, some individuals experience this bone loss much more quickly, leading to osteoporosis. This results in weakened bones, increasing the likelihood of fractures.

While osteoporosis can affect men and women, it's more common in women because of the hormonal changes they experience, especially during menopause.

Why is Osteoporosis More Common in Women?

The female hormone estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining bone health. After menopause, estrogen levels drop significantly, leading to a rapid loss in bone density. This makes women more prone to osteoporosis compared to men.

Women at even higher risk include those who:

• Experience early menopause (before age 45)
• Have had a hysterectomy (womb removal) before 45, particularly if the ovaries were also removed
• Have had absent periods for over six months due to excessive exercise or restrictive dieting
• Take medications like steroids long-term or breast cancer treatments that affect hormone levels

Other Contributing Factors to Osteoporosis

• Low Body Mass Index (BMI)
• Family history of osteoporosis
• Eating disorders that affect nutrition
• Excessive alcohol consumption and smoking
• Digestive issues like Crohn’s disease that interfere with nutrient absorption
• Overactive thyroid or parathyroid glands

Diagnosing Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is typically diagnosed using a bone density scan (also called a DEXA scan). This test measures the density of your bones and helps determine if you are at risk for fractures.

Osteoporosis Treatment Options

There are several treatment options available to help slow bone loss and reduce the risk of fractures:

1. Bisphosphonates:

   Bisphosphonates are a class of medications that slow the breakdown of bone, preserving bone density. Some commonly prescribed bisphosphonates include:

   • Alendronic acid
   • Ibandronic acid
   • Risedronate
   • Zoledronic acid
   These medications are available in various forms, including tablets, liquids, and injections.

2. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

   Hormone replacement therapy can help maintain bone strength and reduce the risk of osteoporosis, especially in postmenopausal women. By replenishing estrogen levels, HRT can slow the decline in bone density.

3. Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements

   Calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone health. These supplements can help prevent bone loss and reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis, especially in those who are deficient.

Conclusion

Osteoporosis is a serious condition that disproportionately affects women, particularly after menopause due to hormonal changes. However, with proper diagnosis and treatment—ranging from medications like bisphosphonates to hormone replacement therapy and calcium supplements—it's possible to manage the condition and reduce the risk of fractures. For women, especially those at higher risk, it's important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, stay informed, and consult healthcare providers for early diagnosis and intervention.

Dr. Narendra Vaidya is an expert in joint replacement surgery and bone health, offering advanced treatments for osteoporosis and other bone-related conditions.